Fly spray



stronely negative groups.

Patented Mar. 1, 1949 FLY SPRAY Harold W.- Arnold an mingt d Norman E. Searle, Wilon, Del., assignors to E. I. du Pont de Ncmours & Company, of Wilmington, Del., a

corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application September 3, 1943,

Serial No.

5 Claims.

This invention relates to pest control and is particularly directed to methods and compositions for preventing or arresting infestations of insects which are economically harmful to man and which commonly infest organic matter whether plant or animal or of plant or animal origin either in its natural, fabricated or synthetic state.

The need and desirability of having a truly synthetic, organic pest control agent has long been recognized in the art and much research has been carried out for the purpose of discovering such agents. That such research has been only partially effective in accomplishing its object is amply illustrated in the present emergency by our dependency upon imported materials such as rotenone products and pyrethrum products.

We have now found that control of insect pests can be obtained by bringing into contact with the pest a toxic amount of a tertiary di-acyl amine.

Tertiary diacyl amines belong to the broad class of trivalent tri-substituted nitrogen compounds. They are imides of primary amines. They specifically distinguish from secondary diacyl amines, which are the unsubstituted imides, by not having the N-hydrogen which is highly actlvated by reason of its position, alpha to two The tertiary diacyl amines are characterized by two acyl groups satisfying two valences of a trisubstituted nitrogen, that is to say, by two acyl groups replacing the two N-hydrogens of a primary amine.

The compounds of the invention accordingly may be represented by the general formula in which RX- and 'R'Y. which may be the same or diflerent, are acyl radicals and R is the radical of a primary amine. X and Y are the acyl-determinants, that is to say, they are the groups which determine the character of the acyl group. For example, if

i I X is C- the acyl group in which XR. Y

2 is determined as carboxylic acyl; if

as thlocarboxyllc acyl; or if as sulfonic acyl. The Rs may be individually separate as in the case of open chain imides or they may be linked together as in the case of cyclic imides. Such cyclic imides may contain one or both of the X and the Y in the ring and may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or polycyclic, and carbocyclic or heterocyclic,

We have found particularly that those cyclic tertiary diacyl amines, which are derived from difunctional organic acids and a primary amine and have two valences of the nitrogen attached to a dibasic-acyl radical, are particularly effective in controlling pestiferous insects especially flies. Compounds of this character which are referred to herein as tertiary dibasic-acyl amines, are obtained by reacting a suitable difunctional acid with a primary amine under conditions appropriate to ring closure. They may be represented by the formula is a dibasic-acyl radical and R. is the radical of the primary amine.

In the formulae illustrated above R is the radical of a primary amine, illustrative examples of which include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, npropyl, n-isobutyl, ,n-butyl, n-amyl, mixed amyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, phenyl, ortho-ethoxyphenyl, ortho-xylidyl, orthotolyl, mixed ortho-, metaand para-tolyl, paradodecylphenyl, ortho-nitrophenyl, meta-nitrophenyl, para-nitrophenyl, ortho-biphenyl, parabiphenyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, (1,3-phenylene) dithiazolyl) 2-pentenyl, and vinyl.

. \j phenylalpha-chloro, (2-biphe'nylyl), 2 (i-phenylalpha-naphtha, 3-chloro-2,4-hexadienyl, methallyl, allyl, beta-hydroiwethyl, betacyanoethyl, omega-cyanopentyl, 5,5,5-trichloro- Primary amines such as listed above may be reacted under appropriate conditions with a wide 5 than 12 carbon the pyridine dicarboxylic acids and the alicyclic and preferably an alkyl amine containing less atoms. The phthalic acids, the reduced phthalic acids,

dicarboxylic acids listed above are typical of cyclic acids which may be used in producing polycyclic .compounds according to the invention. The

variety of acids to give imides, or more simply tertiary diacyl amines, which according to the selection of the acid and amine may be cyclic or acyclic and may contain similar or dissimilar acyl groups. Suitable acids are succinic, phenyl succinnic, glutaric, maleic, phthalic, tetrahydro- 'phthalic, hexahydrophthalic, homophthalic, or-

tho-sulfobenzoic, ortho-sulfophenyl acetic, quinolinic and cinchomeronic. glutaconic, thiodigly-- collic, iminodiacetic, diglycollic, N-methyl iminodiacetic, citraconic, dihydrophthalic, 3-6-endomethylene -4- cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic, 3-6- endoethylene-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic, di-

; lauric.

The invention may be more fully understood by reference to particular preferred types of tertiary diacyl amines obtainable from the interaction of primaryamines and appropriate acids.

Thus according to one preferred form of the invention a primary amine and a difunctional acid in which the functional groups are linked together by a carbon chain of preferably two but 1 not more than three carbon atoms are reacted to give a tertiary dibasic-acyl amine in which R of the dibasic-acyl group --XR. Y is an organic radical linking X and Y together by a carbon chain of preferably two but not more than three carbon atoms.

Such dibasic-acylv groups are characteristic of the following typical acids: succinic, phenyl succinic, glutaric, maleic, citraconic,

mesaconic, pyrocinchonic, ethyl methyl maleic, aconitic, citric, tricarballylic, itaconic, glutaconic, dithiosuccinic, ethane disulfonic, betasulfopropionic, phthalic, dihydrophthalic, tetrahydrophthalic (4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic), hexahydrophthalic (cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic), homophthalic, monoand di-thiophthalic, ortho sulfobenzoic, ortho sulfophenyl acetic,

quinolinic, cinchomeronic, 3-6-endomethylene-4- cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic, 3-6-endoethylenecyclic acids may be carbocyclic or heterocyclic but preferably are alicyclic 'ortho-dicarboxylic acids. Here too non-benzenoid unsaturation in a carbon chain linking thetwo functional groups 1 is desirable. 'The alicyclic group is preferably bicyclic and made up of two fused S-membered rings as in the case of (2,2,l)bicyclo-4-heptene- 1,2-dioic acid (3,6-endomethylene- 4-cyclohexenee 1,2-dicarboxylic acid) In producing imides from these cyclic acids it is desirable to use acyclic amines, especially alkyl amines containing less than 8 carbon atoms.

By selecting suitable acids and amines as out lined above there may be obtaineda wide variety of compounds coming within the scope of the invention which in general may be either solids 4 Preparation of the N-(n-butul) imide of 3,6

4 cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic and 3,6-endo- 1 methylene cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic, 3,6-endomethylene-2-methyl-4-cyclohexene-, L2-dicarboxylic, 7-methyl-3,6-endomethylene, 4-cyclohexene-1,2- dicarboxylic, 3-methyl-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic, 3-methyl-6-carbobutoxy-4- cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic and 3,6-endoethylene- 3-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic. The acids having ortho-functional groups are preferred because they give the 5- member'ed dibasic-acyl amine ring structure.

Succinic, glutaric, maleic and glutaconic acids are typical of the acyclic acids which give monocyclic compounds. From these 5- and 6-membered saturated and unsaturated dibasic-acyl amino ring structures are obtainable. structures as are obtainable from acidsof. the

Such

maleic acid and glutaconic series are preferable because of the ethylenic unsaturation in the carbon chain linking the two functional groups.

In forming imides from these acyclic acids" it is desirable to use an amine which also is acyclic,

or oils and stableficolorless, relatively odorless, insoluble in water and soluble in most organic solvents such as acetone, alcohol, ether, benzene,

, by reference to the following examples illustrating suitable methods of preparing typical compounds. The parts are by weight.

EXANIPLEI -cyclohea:ene- 1,2 -dicarbowillic acid endomethylene-. 4

The anhydride of the above acid is first prepared by bubbling .66 g. of'freshly distilled cyclopentadiene monomer (B. P. 41 C.) below the ture and injecting the cyclopentadiene as rapidly as is'consistent with adequate reflux to prevent loss of reactants. This operation is complete in 1520 minutes. I

73 grams of dry n-butylamine is then added as rapidly as reflux capacity will permit. Water is removed from this mixture in an apparatus for refluxing and distilling, separating the water and return of benzene to the reaction pot. After removable of 16.5 cc. of water by this procedure, the benzene is distilled from the productleaving a residue with an acid number of 9.5. This crude acidic material, amountingto 214 g. is purified by direct distillation or by first alkaline scrubbin and then distillation. A satisfactory product for -insecticidal useis obtained by scrubbing the crude 6 possess a boiling point of 134-137 cm mm., giv- 20 minutes and a pale yellow powder melting at ing 186 g. of a colorless oil which soon solidifies 209-210 was recovered by filtration, washing and to a white solid, melting at 42-44 C. drying. A mixture of 57.4 g. (0.3 mole) of N'- (no -=1.5030). phenyl maleamic acid (maleanilic acid), 10 g.- Other analogues are produced by substituting 6 (0.12 mole) of fused sodium acetate, and 102.1 g. for n-butylamine such amines as methyl, ethyl, (1 mole) of acetic anhydride was heated with propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, n-amyl, mixed amyl, stirring on a steam bath. When the temperature n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, cyclohexyl, benzyl, of the mixture had reached 80 C. all of the N- phenyl (aniline), orthoethoxyphenyl, orthophenyl maleamic acid had gone into solution and xylidyl, beta-hydroxyethyl, beta-cyanoethyl, 10 the bath was dropped. The temperature conallyl and omega-cyanopentyl amine. Similarly tinued to rise to a maximum of 92 C. from the other analogues are produced by substituting for heat of the reaction. The reaction mixture was the cyclopentadiene other dienes which react allowed to cool to room temperature (one hour) with maleic acid to give alicyclic ortho-dicarand then poured slowly into a stirred ice-water boxylic acids such as 3,6-endomethylene-cycloslurry (800 c. 0.). The yellow crystalline precipihexane-l,2-dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-endomethyltate was filtered oif, washed well with water, and ene-2emethyl-4-cyclohexene 1,2 dicarboxylic dried in vacuo over P205. The yield was 44 g. acid, '7-methyl-3,6-endomethylene-4-cyclohex- (85%) of yellow crystalline powder melting at ene- 1,2-dicarboxylic acid, 4-cyclohexene-1,2-di- 90-1 C. carboxylic acid, 3-methyl-4-cyclohexene-1,2-di- Other analogues are produced by substituting carboxylic acid, 3-methyl-fi-carbobutoxyi-cyfor the aniline such amines as phenyl, n-dodecyl,

. clohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanep-ethoxyphenyl, alpha-naphthyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl.

1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and 3,6-endoethylene-3- p-tolyl, mixed 0-, mand p-tolyl, p-dodecyl isopropyl-6-methyl-4 cyclohexene 1,2-dlcarphenyl, o-nitrophenyl, m-nitrophenyl, p-nitroboxylic acid. phenyl, o-biphenyl, p-blphenyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and

TABLE I Y Imides of 3,6-endomethylene-4-cyclohezene-1,2-dzcarboxylic acid M. P. 105-107C Found N, 1.14% M. P. 77-79 C Found N, 7.26% M. P. 8990 C. Found N, 6.71% B. P. 133 C./2 mill M. P. 8889 C Found N, 6.30% M. P. 42-44" C Found 6. 32% B. P. 145-153 C./2 Found N 5. 98% B. P. 144-148-C./3 mm Pound I\, 5.55% B. P. 168 C./2 mm.- Found N, 5.25% B. P. 181 185 C./2 mm Found N 5.45% Viscous 011 Found 4. M. P. 157-158 C Found N, 6. 10% M. P. 2 C... ound N, 6.16% M. P. 135-136" C cum! 1 5. 51% M. P. 114-115 C- ound 5, 4. 78% -o-xylidyl M. P. 157158 C" Found N, 4. N-beta-hydroxyethyl. B. P. 173l80 (3J3 mm ound i\ 6. 86% N-beta-cyanoethyl. M. P. 113-115" C Found l3..5l,", v N-allyl B. P. 127 C./2 mm.- Found N, 6. 81% N-omega-cyanopentyl M. P. 5458 N-n-amyl3,6-endolnethy1ene-cy ohexane-LZ-dicarboxylic ilnide B. P. l41 C /3 N-n-butyl 3,fi-endomethylene-Z-methyH-eyclohexene-l,Z-dicarboxylic imide B. P. 124-128" 0 2 mm Found l\ 5.6 N-n-butylJ-methKl-Iifi-endomethylene-4-cyclohexene-l,2-dimrboxylie imide B. P. 152155 C./5 mm. Found N, 5. 86% N-n-butyl-4-cyclo exene-l,2-dicarboxylic imide. B. P. 121-122" C./2 mm. Found N, 6. 68% N -n-butyl-(i-methyl-4-cyclohexenel,Z-dicarboxyhc imide B. P. l22129 C./2 mm. Found N, 6, 26% N-methyl-B-methyl-6-mrbobutoxy-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic imide.-.- M. P. 78-79 O Found N, 5. 02% N-n-butyl-cyclohexane-1.2-dicarboxylio imido P. 134 135" 0J2 mm. Found 6. 77%

Imzdes of 3,6-endoethulene-3-isoprom l-6- Found N, 3. 87% Found N, 4.02% Found N, 4. 61% N-cyclohexyL- Found 4.24% .n dodecyl Found N, 3.34% -phenyl Found N, 3 90% l A proprietary product, Sharples Solvent Corp., consisting of a mixture of various isomers as tert.-amyl, sec.-amyl, isoamyl, n-amyl, activenmyl amines and 2- and :l-amino pentane. 1

EXAMPLE 2 (1,3-phenylene) diamine. Similarly other analogues are produced by substituting for maleic Preparation of N phenm maleimide anhydride various other acids of the maleic acid N-phenyl maleamic acid was prepared by stir- 5 series or their anhydrides such as citraconic, ring 186.2 grams of aniline into a solution of 198.2 mesaconic, pyrocinchonic (dimethyl maleic), grams of maleic anhydride in 1500 cc. of chloroethylmethyl maleic, aconitic, etc. form at 15 to 20 C. Stirring was continued for The following are typical of such analogues:

TABLE II N-phenyl maleimide N-n-dodecyl maleimide Found N, 5. 70%

N -p-ethoxyphenyl maleimide. Found N, 5. 33%

-alpha-naphthyl maleimide N-o-tolfl maleimide Found N, 7.54% N-m-to yl maleiinide- Found N, 7. 68% N-p-tolyl maleim1de Found N, 7. 55% Mixture of N -o-, N -m-, N -p-tolyl maleimid N-p-dodecylphenyl maleimide Found N, 4. 27% N-o-nitrophenyl maleimide Found N, 12.96% -m-nitrophenyl maleunide. Found N 12. 77% N-p-nitrophenyl maleimide Found N, 13. 09% N -o-biphenyl maleimide.-- Found N, 5. 57% N-pphenyl maleimide.-- onnd i\ 5. 76% N -2-ethylhexyl maleimide. B P Found N, 6.47% N,N-(1,8-phenylene)dimaleimide M. P. 198-199 C Found N, 10. 17%

523 on the Toxicity of fective for mothproofing.

Bulletin No. 1160, Studies am s We are aware that various imides have been suggested as insecticides, fungicides or bactericides, but we are not aware that the tertia y diacyl amines of this invention have ever been considered to be, or thought to be, or suggested to be of value for the control of insect pests. Thus in U.- S. Patent 2,205,558 imides of maleic acid are suggested as bactericides and fungicides. Bactericides and fungicides, however, are a different field from that of the present invention and compounds as a rule useful in one are not useful in the other. In U. S. Patent 2,119,701 mercuriated imides are suggested as disinfectants and fungicides. These compounds however are salts of secondary diacyl amines. In U. S. Patent 1,961,840 2,4-diketo-tet r eisdisclosed to have insecticidalproperties. Also, in British Patent 407,356 there are disclosed certain mixed carboxylic and sulfonic acid imides as ingredients of mothproofing compositions. In such compounds, however, as previously noted. the N- hydrogen is alpha to two strongly negative car.- bonyl groups and as such has salt-forming properties possibly by reason of the fact that the hydrogen wanders, yielding a tautomeric enol form. In U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Circular No.

Certain Organic Insecticides to Codling Moth Larvae in Laboratory Tests, there is reported inconclusive tests of phthalimide as codling moth control. In Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 19, 1175 (1927) potassium phthalimide is reported inef- In Journal of Economic Entomology 33, 669 (1940) nitro and bromo phthalimides are reported inefiective against screw-worms and in U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture on Contact Insectisuccinimide is reported ineffective against Aphis rumicz's. The imides of these publications, unlike the imides of the invention. are characterized by a highly reactive N-hydrogen. Moreover, the teachings of these publications are essentially negative. j

Our invention is particularly directed to the control of flies. The control of these pests, especially in the household, has almost exclusively been effected heretofore by pyrethrum fly sprays. For the past several years efforts have been made to introduce organic thiocyanates into this field but without much success until the current emergency restricted supplies of pyrethrum. These thiocyanate sprays, however, while extremely efiective do not have the desirable charcides,

Tut: III

N-n-butyl maleimlde B. I. 81-04" 0.13 mm N-vinyl an imide M, N-n-ocgl succinimide B. P. 139-]. m N, N-n-d ec our N, N-n-benzy succinimide.-- M. N, N-2('i-riihenylthiazolyl)succu; M. *oum B N-(2-b phenylyl, M. Foam N, N-n-amyi succinimide B. P Foam N, N-pheu l-al ha-chlu. imide- M. N-viny pbt limide-.. M. N-n-dodecyl phthalimide M. Found N, 8. N-cyclohexyl phthallmide M. FoundN, 0.7 a N-methailylg thallmlde M. Found N, 7.36 o

N-alpha-nap thyl phthallmide M. N-o-etboxy henyl phthalimi 9-- M. FoundN, 5.33 N-a-chloro- ,i-hexadienyl pl thalimide.-- M. 1 Found N, 6.34 N-mlxed amyl homophtbalm B. P 163-108" Found N, 5.41 o N-ethyl *1 M. 04-05 y L Found 8, 14.11% N-n-amyl in N-n dodecyl f Found N, 9.07% N-benzyl r M, N-5,5,5-tricliloro2-pentenyl -in M. Found 01,29. 0 N-carbohexoxymethyl M. -56' Form: 8 9.03 :l-(u-amymfi-methyl-fi-isobntylhydanwhl B.P Foun rim-4 o -acetyl-N-isobuty v B.P.76-78 0.13m FoumlN, 6.06

acterlstics of pyrethrum sprays and are tolerable .in household sprays only under the conditions of the war emergency.

Even so, there are applications which require pyrethrum in which the organic thiocyanates are undesirable. Thus pyrethrum activated by a synergist, sesame oil, is required in the new Aerosol sprays and pyrethrum activated by a synergist; N-isobutylundecylenamide, is required in delousing. Materials therefore which will step up efliciencyof the pyrethrum insecticides or replace part of the pyrethrum are much needed-t0 conserve our limited supply of pyrethrum.

The active agents of this invention are such materials. They increase the efficiency. of pyrethrum insecticides in varying degrees according to the particular imide employed and in the same measure permit reduction in pyrethrum content. Some of the more effective materials, such as the n-butyl and n-amyl imides of 3,6-endomethylene 4 cyclohexene-LZ-dicarbosylic acid, are substantially more effective in being able to displace pyrethrum in fly sprays than such known synergists as N-isobutylundecylenamide.

mgs. of pyrethrum per 100 Pyrethrum fly sprays contain a minimum of 100 ms. pyrethrins per 100 cc. of fly spray base oil such as Deobase (refined kerosene). Such is the composition of the oflicial test insecticide used as a standard of comparison in the industry. According to this invention it is possible to replace as much as or more of the pyrethrins with a suitable imide and still obtain the same paralytic and lethal effects, and to replace as much as or more of the pyrethrins. and still obtain the same lethal effect without excessive reduction-of paralytic efiect. Preferred compositions accordmg to the invention accordingly may contain from about 5 to about mgs. pyrethrins together with considerable quantity of the imide dissolved in a fly spray base.

In such compositions, using the more active .imides according to the invention, results comparable to the dflicial test insecticide may be obratio of approximately 10 parts of imide for each part of pyrethrum replaced. The compositions of the invention accordingly may contain as a bare minimum from about 5 to'about 100 mgs. per 100 cc. pyrethrum and at least from about 10(100-P) mgs. imide per 100 cc. where P equals cc. .with maximum of the imide imide limited only by the solubility of in the fly spray base.

If a concentrate is sold for preparing fly sprays as above indicated another fly spray to concentrate. For instance, if the factor, namely, the dilution factor is involved and concentrate were intended to be diluted 19 to 1 the formula for the minimum amount of imide it would have a dilution factor of 20.

would be 10(100X-P) mgs. per 100 cc. where P is The following tables, illustrating some of the the amount of pyrethrum in mgs. per 100 cc. and more efiective imides according to" the invention, X is the dilution factor, i. e., the volume ratio of 5 are given by way of illustration:

FLY SPRAY ON REPRESENTATIVE None 30mg. 40mg. None 30mg. 40 mg. 100mg.

' IMIDES OF 3,6-ENDOMETHYLENE-i-CYOLOHEXENE- 1,2-DICARBOXYLIC ACID N-benzyl N-phenyi" N-ethoxy phenyl N-o-xy1idyl.* N-beta N-allyl n-omega'cyastrayij I I N orn.'lhe first figure in the above columns represents paralysis after minutes, and the figure after the hyihen represents the per cent killed after 24 hours according to the Standard Peet-Gra y method of evaluation.

The 100 milligram pyrethrum control is the oflicial test msecticide. In the other instances the carrier or fly spray base is a proprietary refined kerosene (Deobase).

The data in the first-column (without pyrethrum) were taken in a modification of the Feet-Grady test dlflering principally in the volume oi spray cc.) and time of exposure (15 minutes) as well as the classification oi paralyzed flies.

A number of the above imides were insoluble at 2% in Deobase-kerosene and required the assistance of a blending solvent to complete solution. 'len per cent dioxane was used in connection with the compounds marked with in order to formulate a satisfactory 2% solution. Approximately dioxane was used in connection with these compounds marked with and approximately dioxane with those marked with Teena V Miscellaneous oycloaliphctic imides Compound at 27 Amount of pyretmfllm Controls, Pyrethrum None 30 mg. mg. None 30 mg. 40mg. mg.

Nora-The first figure in the above columns represents paralysis after 10 minutes, and the figure after the hyphen represents the per cent killed after 24 hours according to the Standard Feet-Grady method of evaluation.

The 100 milligram pyrethrum control is the official test insecticide. In the other instances the carrier or fiy'spray base is a proprietary refined kerosene (Deobase).

The data in the first column (without pyrethrum) were taken m a modification of the Feet-Grady test diilering principally in the volume of spray (15 cc.) and time of exposure (15 minutes) as well as the classification of paralyzed flies.

A number of the above imides were insoluble at 2% in Deobase-kerosene and required the assistance of a blending solvent to complete solution. 'Ien per cent dioxane was used in connection with the compounds marked with in order to formulate a satisfactory 2% solution. A pprigiiigately 20% dioxane was used in connection with those compounds marked with and approximately 30% dioxane with those marked w Tum: VI

pound at 27 Amount of r rcmfq Controls, P rem m I None 30 mg. 40 mg. None 30 mg, 40 1 MIDES F MALEIO ACID Norm-The first figure in the above columns represents hyphen represents the per cent killed after 24 hours according The 100 milligram pyrethrum control is the oflicial test insecticide. spray base is a pro rietary refined kerosene (Deohase The data in the t column (without pyrethrum) were taken principally in the volume of spray (15 cc.) and time paralyzed flies.

A number of the above imides were msoluhle at 2% blending solvent to complete solution. Tenper cent marked with in order to formulate a satisfactory 2% connection wit Team: VII-\ Miscellaneous imides s after 10 minutes a fistandard Peet-G In the other instances th in a modification oi the Poet-Grad of exposure minutes) as well as the c in Deobase-kerosene and dloxane was used in connec solution. Approximately 3!? these compounds marked with and approximately dioxane th those marked with and the figure alter the rady method of evaluation. e carrier or fly test diiierina cation oi reauired the assistance oi a on with the compounds dlorane was used in Compound at 2%,

Amount of Pyrethrum Controls, Pyrethrmn None 30mg. 1

None 30m. m. 100m N-n-viuyl succinimideee-la N-u-amyl succinirni N-noct lsuocinim e N-n-do ecyL. N-phenyl-alpha chloro succintuide Tests VIII Miscellaneous imides Compound at Amount 0! Pyrethru Controls, Pyrethrum None 30 mg.

iNone 30m. 40m. 1mm.

N-benzgtl saccharim- Mixed -amyl-homophthalimide 26-0 oe-es- Norm-The first figure in the above columns represents paralysis after 10 minutes and the figure alter the hyphen represents the per cent killed after 24 hours according to the Standard Peet-Gra y.method oi evaluation.

be 100 milligram ipyrethrum control is the oflicial test insecticide. In

spray base is a propr the other instances the carrier or fly tary reflned kerosene 'geelobase). The date in the first column (without pyre m) were taken in a modification oi the Poet-Grad test diflerinx principally in the volume of spray (15 cc.) and time oi exposure (l5 paralyzed iii A number of the above imides were insoluble blending solvent to complete solution. Ten per cent dloxnne was used marked with in order to formulate a satis actory 27 connection with these compounds marked with and The data given in the following table are 11 lustrative of compositions containing various mix: tures of n-butyl imide of 3,6-endomethylene-4- cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid with pyrethrum. These compositions are comparable in efliciency to the standard 100 mg. fly sprays (class B), or the equivalent, which are avail,- able on the open market. v The data illustrate the marked synergism of the imide pyrethrum minutes) as well as the c at 2% in Deobase-kerosone and solution. Ap rimately 207 d approximately dioxane with those cation of returned the assistance of a in connect n with the compounds ioxono was marked with mixtures. It only the additive eflects were involved the composition curve would be a. linear one, ranging from the 2000 mas. or more ot'the imide required to equal the kill of the mg. pyrethrum spray to the 100 ms. or pyrethrum. Hence the theoretical composition may easily be calculated, for example, it the mixture contains 40% pyrethrum (40 mg.) it should contain 60% imide or 1200 me. It will be observed from the data given in the table that actually less than one-half of that amount of imide is required. This is indicative of a very marked synergism.

TABLE IX I Percentage Calculated ier t Theoretical Percent- 853 312312 Composition age standards Control Imide Pyrethrum imide Pyrethrum OTI PTI o 100 +9 0 100 0 o 0 100 o 0 o 100 o 4 o 100 0 o 0 100 420 79 0 +8 420 40 ggg gg 98-30 +4 -4 550 40 33 g? 97-35 +7 -2 7 780 28 33g 2g 07-34 +6 3 1,000 20 1 20 9743 +5 +5 1,000 50 07-40 +5 +5 1,100 15 96-41 +13 +4 1,250 4 H23 9343 v 0 -2 2,000 0 -aa-a4 0 o 2,000 o I 63-36 0 -a OTI= Ofiicial Test Insecticide (100 mgs. pyrethrum).

PTI=Proprietary Test Insecticide (pyrcthrum activated with N-isobutylamide of undecylenic acid).

l Kill for OTI unusually low.

While the imides of this invention are particularly useful for the control of flies and like pests subject to control by household sprays, the invention is not so limited because many of the imides show toxicity, though in a lesser degree, to other insects such as red spider, aphids, clothes moths and Mexican bean beetles. For example, when applied to bean plants infested with Mexican bean bettle larvae N-allyl-3,6-endomethylene-3 isopropyl-6-methyl-4-cyclohexene 1,2- dicarboxylic imide gave 83% kill with only 2% defoliation; methallyl phthalimide gave 93% kill and 5% defoliation; N-n-butyl-3,6-endomethyiene-2-methyl-4-cyclohexene 1,2 dicarboxylic imide gave 100% kill and 0% defoliation; N-isobutyl-3,6-endomethylene-4-cyclohexene 1,2 dicarboxylic imide gave 87% kill and 0% defoliation; N-n-butyi-3,6-endomethylene 4 cyclohexene-LZ-dicarboxylic imide gave 100% kill and 0% defoliation; N-phenyl maleimide gave 90% kill and 1% defoliation: N-n-amyl-3,6-endomethylene-i-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic imide gave 83% kill and 0% defoliation and was equally eflective at one half concentration; N-benzyl-3,6- endomethylene-4-cyclohexene-1,2 dicarboxylic imide gave 100% kill and 0% defoliation and gave equal results at one-half the concentration; N-ethyl saccharin gave 100% kill and 5% defoliation and equal results at one half the concentration; N-allyl saccharin gave 100% kill and 0% defoliation and substantially the same results at one half the concentration; N-n-butyl- 7-methyl-3,6-endomethylene 4 cyclohexene- 1,2-dicarboxylic imide gave 100% kill and 0% defoliation; N-n-butyl-hexahydrophthalimide gave 97% kill and 0% defoliation; and N-o-tolyl maleimide gave 83% kill and 0% defoliation.

It will be understood, however, that the compounds of the invention may be incorporated in various compositions according to the requirements of control of the particular pest involved. They should be incorporated in such compositions in a fine state of dispersion in a suitable carrier which may be a liquid or a finely divided solid. The dispersed particles should be less than 40 microns in size. If the carrier is 'an inert solid, particles of the carrier also should be less than 40 microns. The dispersion may be either a molecular dispersion, a micellar dispersion, or a physical dispersion. In the first of these the particles will be dispersed as molecules or ions, in the second as groups of molecules and in the third as discrete particles. There may be incorporated in these compositions, either in the form sold or in the form made up for application, various auxiliary materials such as spreaders, stickers,,dispersing agents, flocculating agents and conditioning agents as more particularly set out below.

Thus they may be used in various combinations with such auxiliary materials or adjuvants as spreaders, stickers, diluents or extenders, dispersing agents, and other toxicants as may be most suited to the control of a particular pest or group of pests; for example, insecticides such as metallic arsenates, fluosilicates, phenothiazines, alpha,alpha di (parachlorophenyl)beta,beta, beta-trichloroethane and alpha, alpha-di-(paramethoxyphenyl)beta,beta,beta trichloroethane, organic thiocyanates such as n-dodecyl thiocyanate, fenchyl thiocyanoacetate and butyl Carbitol thiocyanate, nicotine, anabasine (neonicotine), nor-nicotine, rotenone and its congeners, hellebore, pyrethrum, N-isobutylundecylenamide, aminomethyl sulfides, and bactericides and fungicides such as sulfur, polysulfides such as lime-sulfur, the chlorinated phenols, aminomethyl sulfides, copper acyl-acetonates, copper chelates of beta-keto acids and esters, copper chelates of salicyialdehyde, Burgundy mixture, Bordeaux mixture, the so-called insoluble coppers such as basic copper sulfates, copper oxychlorides, copper calcium chlorides, copper oxides, copper silicates, copper zeolites, and cop-'- per thiocyanates, the long chain quaternary ammonium halides and derivatives of dithiocarbamic acid such as ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate. They may be used in the form of aqueous sprays, dusts or solutions, dispersed with wetting agents such as the alkali metal or amine salts of oleic acid and the sulfated higher alcohols, the sulfonated animal and vegetable oils such as sulfonatedfish or castor oils or the sulfonated petroleum oils; with diluents such as calcium phosphate, Bancroft clay, Kaolin, diatomacecus earth, sulfur, lime, pyrophyllite, talc, bentonite, flours such as walnut shell, wheat, redwood, soya bean, cottonseed, or with organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachlorethylene, Stoddard solvent, and other hydrocarbon solvents. They may be used in vegetable and mineral oil sprays in which petroleum or vegetable oil glycerides are used as contact agents or active poisons. Various adhesive and sticking materials such as rosin and glue and various other common adjuvants such as lime may be used. Such mixtures with insecticides and fungicides and insecticidal and fungicidal adjuvants as are here set out may have particular usefulness in special applications and frequently will give better results than would be anticipated from the killing power or repellent action of each ingredicut when used alone.

In general, the active agents of this invention may be formulated in a wide variety of adjuvants as may be best suited to the control of any particular pest or combination of pests. having in mind the nature of the pest, its particular habitat and feeding habits, and its peculiar susceptibilities, if any. Thus suitable compositions may be materials such as tion of pyrethrum and an prepared with the active agent in a state or cornsubdivision, and association with other have been mentioned, such as may be necessary peculiarly to adapt the active agent to the purpose to be effected.

We claim: 1. A fly spray composition comprising a solu- 3 tion of pyrethrum and an amide of a primary amine and-a dicarboxylic acid having an unsaturated aliphatic carbon chain of at least 2 and not more than 3 carbon atoms boxyl groups, said pyrethmm being present in bout five to about 95 milligrams per 100 cc. and said imide being present in the amount of at least about 10(100-P) milligrams per 100 cc. where? is e amount of pyrethrum in milligrams per 100 cc. of the fly spray.

2. A fly spray composition comprising a soluimide of a rimary amine and an acylic dicarboxylic acid having an unsaturated aliphatic carbon chain of at least 2 and not more than 3 carbon carboxyl groups, said pyrethnnn being present in about 5 to about 95 milligrams per 100 cc. and i said imide being present in the amount of at least about (100-P) milligrams per 100 cc. where P is position,

16 Y ,4. A fly spray composition comprising a solution of and an N-aryl maleimide of j thebenaeneseries.

linklngthecab" atoms linking the t the amount of pyrethrum in per 100 cc. of the fly spray.

3. A fly spray composition comprising a solution of pyrethrum and an imide of a primary amine and maleic acid, said pyrethrum being pggsent in about 5 to about 95 milligrams per 1 cc.

. amount of at least about 10000-1) milligrams per 100 cc. where P is the amount of pyrethrum a in milligrams per 100 cc. of the fly spray.

and said imide being present in the,

said pyrethrum being present in about 5 to about milligrams per. cc. and

said imide being present in the amount 0! at least about 10(100-P) milligrams per 100 cc. where P is the amount of pyrethrum in milligrams per 100 cc. of the fly spray.

5. A fly splay oompoation comprising a solution 01 pyrethrlnn and an N-alkyl malemide 'containing less than-L16 carbon atoms, said pyrethrum being present in about 5 to about 95 milligrams per 100 cc. and said imide being present in the amount of at least about 10(100-1) milligrams per 199 cc. where P is the amount of pyrethrmn in per-.100 cc. of the fly spray.

HAROLD W. ARNOLD.

NORMAN E. S EARLE.

The following references are 01 record in the file of this patent: I

unrrnn s'ra'rns, PATENTS Number Name Date 1.955.207 Stotter Apr. 17, 1934 1,961,840 Bolton ....-1-- June 5, 1934 2,143,816 Jacobson Jan. 10, 1939 2,205,558 Refit June 25, 1940 2,292,998 Hentrich Aug.'11, 1942 armors soap and Sanitary Chemicals, Jan. 1943, pages 95-96 by Roar-ck. I 

